Personality Assessment Instruments Comparison free essay sample

Personality assessment instruments continue to be widely uses by the public and widely examined by the public. Since the early 20th century a number of personality instruments have been very useful in classifying personality traits, while other test instruments have shown to be antiquated. The Myer-Briggs, Apperception test and self-help books all have confidence that they can deliver a concrete view on differences in personalities. They allow you to know an individuals personality type along with an examination into how these different assessments may be of importance to the everyday person. As the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure, validity is a difficult property to evaluate in a test. Consider tests of intelligence. Many people are skeptical of the results of these tests. Some people are concerned that the tests measure only book learning and do not test common sense (Anastasi, 1988). Other people feel that intelligence tests have cultural, racial, and gender biases. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Assessment Instruments Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, to conclude that a test is a valid measure of intelligence, it must be shown that the test measures intelligence independent of the test subjects education, culture, race, and sex. The Validity of MBTI- Many studies over the years have proven the validity of the MBTI instrument in three categories: (1) the validity of the four separate preference scales; (2) the validity of the four preference pairs as dichotomies; and (3) the validity of whole types or particular combinations of preferences. The MBTI is a very popular test of personality. Each year millions of copies of the test are administered in the workplace, schools, churches, community groups, management workshops, and counseling centers. Many people see the MBTI as an invaluable tool that helps them understand their own behavior as well as the behavior of others. In spite of the popularity of the MBTI, there are many problems with its use. There is a large body of research that suggests that the claims made about the MBTI cannot be supported. While the MBTI appears to measure something, many psychologists are not convinced that any significant conclusions can be based on the test. The validity scores of a test estimate how well the test measures what it purports to measure. Personality assessment tests usually produce validity scores for each of the individual traits measured. When scores on the traits of a test compare well with scores on similar traits on other tests, the test is said to have good concurrent validity. Validity coefficients were computed on each of the four INSIGHT Inventory traits by comparing these to the traits measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Sixteen Personality factors (16PF), and Holland Self-Directed Search (SDS). This data comprises a large section of the INSIGHT Technical Manual and users are encouraged to review those pages and tables (Anastasi, 1988). Very strong support for the validity of the traits measured by the INSIGHT Inventory was garnered (Anastasi, 1988). Comprehensiveness of the MBTI prompts us of the truth that all people are not alike, but then claims that every person can be fit neatly into one of 16 boxes. The MBTI attempts to force the intricacies of human personality into a synthetic and restraining classification scheme. The focus on the typing of people reduces the attention paid to the unique qualities and potential of each individual. Because of its apparent simplicity, the MBTI may be misused unintentionally by some people. A manager, for example, may come to believe that only certain personality types are appropriate for specific jobs. In terms of applicability, the Myers-Briggs instrument reports preferences, not skills, or accomplishments. Type theory provides a framework for predicting and interpreting data on motivation, aptitude, achievement, communication styles, and career patterns. The Myers-Briggs instrument could be used to help counsel participants who are deciding what career path might best fit their personality. The Myers-Briggs instrument is also used in trying to match personalities compatible for marriage, teamwork, and can be helpful in understanding group dynamics. Some individuals use the results of the Myers-Briggs test for professional and personal development (Anastasi, 1988). As the modern world moves toward a more global society, interest in multicultural use of the MBTI has exploded. Both Jung and Myers felt that psychological type is universal. If so, the implications of promoting understanding between cultures and increasing appreciation of diversity within a culture are significant. Consulting Psychological Press listed 14 commercial translations and 15 translations being tested as research instruments in 1996 (Butcher amp; Rouse, 1996). One important problem in developing translations is separation of underlying type patterns from culturally influenced behaviors. When it is used with appropriate explanation of psychological type, significant success has been reported by practitioners using the MBTI in a wide variety of cultures both in developing nations and industrialized societies. Reliability and validity studies to date indicate significant reliability when used with English-speaking populations or those with a reasonable command of English, and that the MBTI does indicate respondents’ Jungian type preferences in the cultures in which it is being used. Research issues include the investigation of whole type multicultural as well as individual preferences, and the dynamics of interaction of individuals and their culture (Butcher amp; Rouse, 1996). The MBTI is an important tool in investigating health, stress, and coping variables, and in using knowledge thus gained to tailor prevention and treatment programs to the person’s type. Shelton reviews research using the MBTI to study physiological differences according to type, to relate the incidence of several disease processes and type, to relate stress and coping to type, and to study the outcome of a stress reduction treatment program. The third edition of the MBTI Manual (1998/2003) includes a section on the implications of research on health, stress, and coping with stress in its chapter on the use of type in counseling and psychotherapy. While type has not been assessed in all cultural societies, it has been surveyed in about 30 countries on all continents, some with more than one culture. So far, the studies have suggested the following: All type preferences (E-I, S-N, T-F, and J-P) appear in all cultures studied to date. People in different cultures report that the descriptions of the individual preferences make sense to them however, they find value and usefulness in using type concepts in various ways, for example, to improve interactions and communication between diverse individuals and within groups. The Myers-Briggs instrument is available in about 20 foreign languages. Alternative versions of the Myers-Briggs instrument has been scientifically customized and validated for other languages and cultures for which a straight translation of English language terms would yield inaccurate results (Anastasi, 1988). The Myers-Briggs instrument still has several languages missing from its repertoire and not all cultures have an understanding of a multiple choice questionnaire. The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a persons patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials (Locraft amp; Teglasi, 1997). In the case of the TAT, the ambiguous materials consist of a set of cards that portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations. The subject is asked to tell the examiner a story about each card that includes the following elements: the event shown in the picture; what has led up to it; what the characters in the picture are feeling and thinking; and the outcome of the event. The creators of the TAT, Christina Morgan, and Henry Murray, applied storytelling using pictured scenes to reveal motives, intentions, and expectations (Locraft amp; Teglasi, 1997).

Record Contracts essays

Record Contracts essays I know everyone has heard the horror story of how TLC, once a supergroup at the pinnacle of their career, was heartbroken and astonished to learn that in the midst of their success they were broke. It is so easy to become so engrossed with the idea of fame, riches and superstardom that you neglect to ensure the most important part of you career is handled appropriately. Contracts, on any level, are extremely important as it relates to stipulating the specifics of a partnership. Reading contracts and understanding the language implied therein can be a tedious and migraine inducing experience. This is why it is so easy for record company executives to continually rob artists blind without them realizing whats transpiring. Nowadays it is important that artists educate themselves on the intricacies of the music business and understanding record contract basics prior to diving head first into shark infested waters. I hear artists say all the time that they dont care about the business side; all theyre concerned about is developing their talent and maintaining their artistic integrity. Artists get so caught up in the hype of making it that they lose sight of the fact that this is a business first. Record companies squander so much money on artists that never lived up to their initial billing that they strive each year to make a profit off of a few of the many gambles they make. Knowing this and also taking full advantage of the fact that artists are green to the inordinate amount of covert deception involved, they create an elaborate perception that the artist is rich and making a profit, when in reality they are in perpetually in debt to the label. When you take an artist that has been struggling to make ends meet, it is easy to exploit them by throwing around huge advances that have to be recouped by the label. Everything that is done for you by the label has to be recouped: wardrobe, ...

African American Woman In Aviation History Essay

African American Woman In Aviation History Essay In the early 20th century, it was virtually unheard of a woman especially an African -American woman in aviation. Flying was predominantly for white males (Creasman, 1997), and considered too dangerous for females. In an era of racism, and segregation Bessie Coleman born a poor, black girl with limited opportunities’ persevered. Bessie broke the barriers of stereotypical labels for race, gender, and class by becoming the first black woman to obtain a pilots license, the first person in the world to obtain a international pilots license, and the first American to achieve this (Malveaux,2000). Bessie Coleman is a â€Å"role model for young black children† (Creasman, 1997, para.23), influencing others to pursue their dreams. Bessie paved the road for others, never letting prejudices ‘of â€Å"race, class, and gender† keep her from pursuing her dreams which provoked the start of the civil rights era( Creasman, 1997). Despite the odds of being poor, black, and female Bessie Coleman made a huge impact in American history. Bessie Coleman was born in Atlanta, Texas in 1892 into an environment of poverty, repression, rage and fear (Rich, 1993). It was a era when blacks were disenfranchised and lynched (Rich, 1993). African-Americans were taught and treated like they were inferior to other races. Blacks could not vote, buy land, ride in the same train sections ,use the same bathrooms, restaurants, or use the same drinking fountains which whites used (Barnes, 1996). Those which protested ran a risk of being â€Å"tarred, feathered, whipped or lynched† (Barnes, 1996, para.4). The nation was suffering from a â€Å"severe economic depression† (Rich, 1993, para.14), and violence began to ignite in both â€Å"black and white communities† (Rich, 1993, para.14). Rich industrialists began to â€Å"create monopolies in trade and industry while laborers worked twelve-hour days, seven days a week. When the workers unionized and calle d strikes, the industrialists hired armed men as strike breakers† (Rich, 1993, para.14). In 1893 violence continued and panic among the financial sector caused stocks to drop . Soon banks folded, farmers lost their land, factories shut down, prices fell and unemployment increased (Rich, 1993). Bessie was the 12th of 13 children, the daughter of George and Susan Coleman. At the age of seven Bessies’ father, a nearly full-blooded Indian decided to move to Oklahoma closer to Indian territory. He believed he and his family would receive better treatment and receive the benefits of â€Å"full civil rights,† something the family did not experience in Texas because of racial discrimination. However, Susan refused to uproot the children and stayed behind (Yount, n.d.). Susan and the children lived in a â€Å"one room cabin,† and picked cotton to survive.Unable to make ends meet Susan took a job cleaning and cooking for a white family. It was important to Susan for the children to earn an education, so Bessie took on the role as a surrogate mother while Susan worked. Bessie did not have the life of a â€Å"carefree child†( Rich, 1993, para.34), instead she cleaned, ironed, cooked, and made sure her brothers and sisters were taken care of (Rich, 1993). Bessie and her siblings attended an all black school, but learning was limited because each time it was â€Å"cotton picking time† the school shut down. There were rarely textbooks, pencils or paper, and one teacher with a sixth grade education for grades one through eight in a single room building (Rich, 1993). However, Bessie was eager to learn, and had big dreams of â€Å"amounting to something† (Bessie Coleman, n.d.para.4). By age eight Coleman along with her siblings learned to read and write from reading the bible. Bessie enjoyed reading and often read books about black men and women which had made accomplishments in life ( Barnes, 1996, para. 12). Gifted in math, she kept track of the family book keeping for the cotton sold (Bessie Coleman, n.d.para.2).Bessie completed the eight grade which in those days was the highest grade individuals could achieve. In addition, Coleman was the top of her class, a very rare accomplishment at that time for black females (Smith, n.d.). This eagerness to learn prompted Bessie to attend college. Bessie took in laundry and saved enough money to attend college in Oklahoma but ran out of money after one semester and returned home.

Fashion and Anesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion and Anesthetics - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and Anesthetics" discovers the connection between fashion and the anesthetics. Fashion ensures that people get to lead confident lives since the kinds of clothes that they wear make them feel better thus raising their self esteem. On the twenty fourth of April in the year 2013, one thousand one hundred and thirty three people lost their lives and over two thousand five hundred people got injured when there was a collapse at the Rana Plaza Factory Plaza in Dhaka. However, the environmental and social catastrophes of the supply chain of fashion still continue. Therefore, the Fashion Revolution Day is on the fourth of April. Many people in sixty countries all over the world participated in the first revolution day which was on the fourth of April this year. People wore their clothes inside out, and they were asking of the person that made the clothes. That shows that people are embracing the fashion trends that are in the society today. That is because there are very many fashion trends, and people have come to embrace all of them. The day is used to celebrate fashion, and it also helps people to learn of the various trends in fashion that are there in the society. The day has not been recognized as an international fashion Day though efforts are being made to make it formal. I tend to believe that clothes really matter. Clothes contribute a lot in changing the perception that people have regarding a certain person. They give a clue on how much money one makes and they also help.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics - Essay Example Apart from economic factors, cultural and political issues also affect inflation rate. The activities of workers’ union might create pressure on the wage rate preventing any downward movement of the same. Therefore production cost will not come down and hence increase in supply is restrained. An increase in supply of money or credit in the economy can make the incidence of inflation strong in an economy. The global financial crisis which resulted from the excess credit and increasing defaulters especially in the housing loan market led to inflationary pressures owing to increasing demand and cost of basic necessities around the world (Nanda). For the Gulf Countries where oil is a key commodity and factor responsible for growth, the rise in oil prices from 2005-2006 led to increase in related products. The increase in oil prices across the world has been occurring at a rate higher than the depreciation of the dollar. The spot price of oil rose by 171.9 percent ($65.66) and achi eved the highest point in August 2006 (reaching the peak at $76.01). Depreciation of dollar across a wide spread of currencies took place at 13.8 percent (Oxford Business Group 38-39). The paper attempts to compare two different Gulf Countries, Bahrain and UAE, with respect to the incidence and impact of inflation. Inflation The first outcome of inflation is usually reflected in the purchasing power of money. Hence there is a reduction in the real value of a good. Inflation rate which measures the price inflation has both positive and negative impacts on the economy. On one hand it reduces the real value of wealth in hands and on the other it creates an expectation of inflation in future and leads to a fall in savings and investments. If there is increased activity of accumulation of goods in apprehension that price might rise further, then there might be a crisis of supply of products in the market. If one considers the positive effects it may be reflected in adjustments of nominal interest rates which help in controlling recessions. Seeing from the demand side, low and moderate inflation are caused by demand side changes or alteration in the number of suppliers at times of crisis and increase in money supply. Going by the Keynesian viewpoint, demand-pull inflation is brought about by a rise in private and government expenditure leadings to high demand. This reflects a grot hint he economy since such higher demand and favorable market situation will lead to higher investment and growth. However cost push inflation which is brought about by supply side shock (fall in supply) could be owing to some natural calamities or high prices of inputs. For instance a sudden increase in oil prices might affect the supply side of those products for which oil is used as raw material or input. The built-in inflation is brought about by a wage-price circle where workers try to keep prices up in keeping with the market price and employers in turn pass this labor cost on to the consumers in the form of higher prices. The essential way out from inflation is the monetary policy and central banks resort to high interest rates and slowed money supply growth to control inflation. Keynesian school of economics suggest that demand can be increased during recession and decreased during boom in order to control inflation; this might be brought about by both monetary and fiscal policy adjustments (Ball). Inflation in Bahrain Inflation as not really an issue for Bahrain as it

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay Example for Free

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law, RA 9163, also known as â€Å"An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program for tertiary level students, has three program components; Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC], Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS], and Literacy Training Service [LTS] – aiming to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth and developing the ethics of service and patriotism. Under the NSTP-MAPUA Office, which supervises the implementations of CWTS and ROTC, governed by R.A. 9163 of 2001, are MAPUA-CWTS and MAPUA-ROTC Offices. These two independent offices provide students a grading system, and different activities that endows students with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services. After finishing LTS/CWTS, graduates become part of National Service Reserved Corps; after finishing ROTC, graduates will be a part of Citizen Armed Forces. A human is a rational being, born free but are responsible for his own action, has his own identity for who he is, intrinsically a social being, and sexual in nature with uniqueness of expression – these are the characteristics of a person. Values are integrated in a person’s physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual, social economic and political aspects. By understanding the character and the definition of a person, maximizing these characteristics are crucial to be able to create a positive result in realizing his competence and ability. There are many opportunities that await each person, but blind enough to notice it. A person himself is best qualified in changing and directing his life for he’s always been given an alternative whether to do or not to do an act, and is accompanied by responsibility. Understanding Filipino values are very important in realizing how Filipinos behave and act, for these values serve as a basis on which every individual’s s trength in facing the challenges of life should be directed. The positive side of the Filipino values should be put in use and disregard the negative ones to be able to bring out the best in the Filipino society in general and the individual in particular. Each Filipino I blessed inherently by a set of values – value of respect for life, concern for the family and the future generations, value of truth, of justice, of equality, of promotion of the common good, and of concern for the environment. These values are in need to be awakened in order to serve as a vehicle and reinforcement towards our goal of realizing social change and progress. A group is defined as a collection of individuals with different personalities acting and interacting with one another in the process of living. Within a group, a leader or a set of leaders is/are appointed; the one who guides his members and possess certain qualities on effective leadership. John C. Maxwell‟s book entitled â€Å"21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader† helps people recogn ize, develop and refine the personal characteristics needed to be a truly effective leader that people would want to follow. For every group, decisions are made. There are different kinds of decision-making, for instance, having only one person to decide or having a majority vote. Difficulties are also encountered but there are some conflict resolutions and styles used to solve the problem. National security is the protection to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and territory. National security has an objective of defending the territorial integrity of the state and the freedom to determine one’s own government while, human security aims the safety and survival of people, shorthand for the same is freedom from fear of physical violence. It responds to ordinary people’s needs in dealing with sources of threats. Disaster is a phenomenon brought about by either natural or man-made hazards that causes great damage and suffering – for instance, in life and property. The community, composed of its people in a state or country, takes extra-ordinary measures on how to survive when everything we take for granted is gone, when structures we depend on have failed. Disaster preparedness is an activity which complies with the preventive measures, ensuring that the community is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event in order to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property. Disaster management is a planned step taken to minimize the effects of a disaster. DRUG – any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes when used. There are many consequences when people use drugs; their behavior changes leading them to do bad things to others and their selves, and all sorts of health problems. Every classification of drug abusers – from experimenters, occasional, regular users to drug dependent people, corresponds to certain counter measures, depending on the degree of drug abuse. The Republic Act 9165, known as the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002, is the one that deals on cases which involve the use of drugs.

Great Aspects of Kentucky :: essays research papers

Great Aspects of Kentucky Kentucky could just be the best place between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to live. From "Happy Birthday" to Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky has made a great contribution to history. Being the 15th state to join the Union in 1792, Kentucky has brought forth a number of important people and aspects to the United States. A look back over Kentucky's history will find items that American citizens use in every day life and may not know or even wonder how or where their existence came about. The only National Holiday honoring American mothers was bought on by a teacher in Henderson, Kentucky, Mary S. Wilson. In 1914 president Woodrow Wilson inducted the second Sunday of May as Mother?s Day. A song sung daily across the U.S. was written in 1893 by sisters, Mildred and Patricia Hill, who were teachers in Louisville, Kentucky. The songs first intended use was to be a classroom greeting entitled ?Good Morning to All.? After a court battle, in 1934, the copyright was proved to belong to the Hill sisters and the song ?Happy Birthday? was published and copy written in 1935. Aside from inventions, Kentucky holds claim to a number of great American citizens. Two of the most important men during the American Civil War came from Kentucky. On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, one of three children. He won the Republican Party vote and became president in 1860. He held his presidency through the American Civil War and reigned victory over Jefferson Davis, also a Kentucky native, to eventually abolish slavery. Even with his move from Kentucky to Indiana at the age of seven, many Kentucky residents are proud to hold claim to such an upstanding American citizen. Jefferson Finis Davis was born between 1807 and 1808, his elders were unsure of the exact date, to Samuel Emory Davis and Jane Cook, being the youngest of ten siblings who lived in Todd County, Kentucky. Davis was the Confederate president during the American Civil War, 1861 to 1865. In 1846 he resigned his House seat to fight in the Mexican-American Wa r with the Mississippi Rifles, a regiment he established, and served as the colonel. He went on to serve in several other political positions and finished writing A Short History of the Confederate States of America two months before his death in 1889. Great Aspects of Kentucky :: essays research papers Great Aspects of Kentucky Kentucky could just be the best place between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to live. From "Happy Birthday" to Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky has made a great contribution to history. Being the 15th state to join the Union in 1792, Kentucky has brought forth a number of important people and aspects to the United States. A look back over Kentucky's history will find items that American citizens use in every day life and may not know or even wonder how or where their existence came about. The only National Holiday honoring American mothers was bought on by a teacher in Henderson, Kentucky, Mary S. Wilson. In 1914 president Woodrow Wilson inducted the second Sunday of May as Mother?s Day. A song sung daily across the U.S. was written in 1893 by sisters, Mildred and Patricia Hill, who were teachers in Louisville, Kentucky. The songs first intended use was to be a classroom greeting entitled ?Good Morning to All.? After a court battle, in 1934, the copyright was proved to belong to the Hill sisters and the song ?Happy Birthday? was published and copy written in 1935. Aside from inventions, Kentucky holds claim to a number of great American citizens. Two of the most important men during the American Civil War came from Kentucky. On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, one of three children. He won the Republican Party vote and became president in 1860. He held his presidency through the American Civil War and reigned victory over Jefferson Davis, also a Kentucky native, to eventually abolish slavery. Even with his move from Kentucky to Indiana at the age of seven, many Kentucky residents are proud to hold claim to such an upstanding American citizen. Jefferson Finis Davis was born between 1807 and 1808, his elders were unsure of the exact date, to Samuel Emory Davis and Jane Cook, being the youngest of ten siblings who lived in Todd County, Kentucky. Davis was the Confederate president during the American Civil War, 1861 to 1865. In 1846 he resigned his House seat to fight in the Mexican-American Wa r with the Mississippi Rifles, a regiment he established, and served as the colonel. He went on to serve in several other political positions and finished writing A Short History of the Confederate States of America two months before his death in 1889.

Nuclear Power Plants

Sierra Armstrong Vassar High School 5th , English 10 March 21, 2013 Nuclear Power Plants Begin your introduction here†¦ (Don’t forget to underline your thesis statement). Be sure to use the TAB key to start each paragraph and to follow all MLA formats. Background of the Problem People need power, and nuclear power provides it. Nuclear power is another way to produce energy, but it is also a very dangerous way to produce energy.Edward Teller stated, â€Å"Nuclear power-producing units will be dangerous instruments and careful thought will have to be given to their safe construction and operation† (qtd in Kanninen Ed 17). Another scientist Dr. Helen Caldicott stated, â€Å"The nuclear industry is a cancer industry† (qtd in Povey 80). This means that it isn’t a safe way to produce energy and can cause cancer. The radiation is very dangerous. The radiation is a big fault or issue with nuclear energy. â€Å"Atomic energy cannot be produced without also pr oducing a radioactive by-product† (Kanninen 16).Nuclear power is not safe to those who live or associate around it. â€Å"Critics of nuclear power worry about the safety of nuclear plants, the potential damage from radiation exposure, the possibility of sabotage and unauthorized use of the by-product plutonium—the substance used to make nuclear bombs† (â€Å"Nuclear Power†). There have been a couple incidents concerning nuclear power plants, such as Chernobyl and Three-Mile Island. â€Å"The Chernobyl explosion was devastating to the nuclear power industry throughout the world† (â€Å"Nuclear Power†). The primarily cause was human error: technicians conducted an unauthorized experiment on the reactor without understanding how the reactor would behave during the experiment† (â€Å"Nuclear Energy†). The Extent of the Problem The problem at hand is that nuclear power plants Works Cited Type your bibliography on the last page†¦ Be sure to ALPHABETIZE your sources and to indent after the first line of text for each entry. Povey, Karen. Energy Alternatives. Farmington Hills, MI: The Thomas Corporation, 2007. Print. â€Å"Nuclear Energy. † Compton’s by Britannica. 01 Aug 2011: SIRS Discoverer. Web. 25 Feb. 2013 .

A Study on the Impacts of Noise Barrier in Construction Site Communication Essay

Construction industry is a complex and risky of work, the people in construction industry should have a better understanding of the need to practice good communication to ensure the better work quality and performance with a good communication (Vasanthi R.Perumal and Abu Hassan Abu Bakar, 2011). Good communication enables the members of the project for archiving the centre goal where the construction project complete in time with expected budget. In construction industry, communication can be achieved through letters, drawings, symbols, signs, posters, and word for ensure the information able to send and receive by each other. With the good communication, the workers especially in construction site find it easily and greatly productive to work together. Instruction and order are given and they are carried out as expected once they are well understood and acted upon correctly. Hence the communication in construction site shall be in clear, concise, accurate and well-planned. A good communication can enable an organization in better of work quality and performance, and also in decision making. Besides, an organization can achieve a better relationship with each other without any misunderstanding and misconception. So, the organization will be successful in any project without problems arise due to the poor communication. Other than that, good communication will also bring some advantages (Paul, 2008), such as: – Reduce conflict within an organization – Stronger and better relationships between each other – Improve the teamwork of an organization – Stronger controlling and problem-solving – Well coordinated work plan For instances, a good communication can benefit an organization for achieving better work quality and performance. Either in verbal or non verbal, communication should be practice well in an organization to prevent any misunderstanding or misconception occur. Problem Statement According to the BRE guidance on construction site communication (2010), UK construction industry cost at least  £20 billion to repair and reconstruct the incorrect work due to poor communication such as instructions or orders given incorrect, technical information not available and etc. Such defects occur resulted of the workers’ poor workmanship or misunderstood the instruction from site agent. One of the main factors of verbal communication is employment of foreign labour. According to Philida Schellekens & Judith Smith (2004), define that most of the construction project will employ foreign labour as worker due to their low salary. Those foreign labours have their own native language, so they may not able to communicate with site agent and other Malaysian workers. Hence, it finds out that there is language barrier between site agents with foreign labours at construction site. Besides, according to Ravi Jain (2012), mentioned the construction site creates noise through the use of vehicles, construction equipment and power tools. Those noises can affect the verbal communication between the site agents with foreign labours. A negative personality such as impatient, distrust, bad temper, fear (Asma Zaineb, 2010) happen on workers may be a barrier for them to communicate with others either in verbal or non verbal communication. Since construction industries had involved so many workers that came from different country with different education level, different cultural and etc (Nurul Azita Binti Sallet et al, 2012). There will be a huge impact on communication will be occurred with different personalities. Aim and Objectives The aim of the research study is to identify the factors affecting the verbal communication between site agent and foreign labour at construction site. Whereas, the objectives will be the following, – To identify the language barrier between site agent and foreign labour is a factor for verbal communication at construction site – To identify the noise barrier at construction site is a factor for verbal communication at construction site – To identify the personality barrier is a factor for verbal communication at construction site Hypothesis 1. Language barrier between site agent and foreign labour is a factor for verbal communication at construction site 2. Noise barrier at construction site is a factor for verbal communication at construction site 3. Personality barrier is a factor for verbal communication at construction site Scope of Study There are 4 main communication forms which are verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication and visual communication (Aarti R, 2011). Communication of information, messages, opinions, speech and thoughts can be made via different forms of modern communication media, like Internet, telephone and mobile. Besides, some of the basic ways of communication are by speaking, eye contact, sign language, body language, touch and singing. †¢ Verbal Communication – Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speaking. – Example: face to face communication, telephone, site meeting, etc †¢ Non Verbal Communication – Non-verbal communication involves physical ways of communication, like, tone of the voice, touch, smell and body motion. – Example: Short Message Service (SMS), Email, etc †¢ Written Communication – Written communication form is writing the words which used for communication. Good written communication is essential for business purposes and practiced in many different languages. – Example: Short Message Service (SMS), Email, etc †¢ Visual Communication – Visual communication is visual display of information, like topography, photography, signs, symbols and designs. – Example: Photo, Presentation Slide, etc In this research study, it focuses on verbal communication between two or more people at construction site. For the most part of the communications example, is between a site agent and foreign labour. This research study also will talk about factors that considered as barrier for good communication at construction site. Research Methodology Literature Review For literature review, journal articles and journal review were read up as much as possible to be cited in order to collect the useful data which were proved descriptively. This is a process of reading, analyzing, evaluating, summarizing and gathering information and data from book, article, journal, internet, newspaper, magazine and etc. All information relate to communication in construction site industry will be study and summarize in this research study. Questionnaire Survey A list of questions about the factors affects the verbal communication between site agent and foreign labours in construction site will be distributed to the respondents which are the parties involved in the construction site for more data and information for this research study. Questionnaire was designed in several sections and categories, the construction sites were randomly chosen and distributed in Kuala Lumpur. All the responses will be collected on individual basis and also a simple interview will conduct with respondents in respects of questionnaire earlier distributed. Definition of communication Communication is the interaction between two or above people and the interaction may in various form such as body motion, speaking, tone of the voice, touch and etc (Paul, 2008). It is the process of transmitting and receiving this information. A common objectives hardly to get done in a work place unless people able to share their ideas and information with others in a way to produce a common understanding. A successful communication in the workplace environment is very important. An employer shall create a good working situation which helps to increase the quality of work and increase the ensure quality control while the employee, it allows personal growth and development and contributes to satisfaction on the job. What is verbal communication? All humans need to interact. There are 4 main communication forms which are verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication and visual communication (Aarti R, 2011). The most obvious and common form of communication is verbal communication. Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speaking and it is one way for people to communicate face to face. According to Beth Lee (2010), verbal communication involves using speech to exchange information with others. It is generally defined as spoken language. Tone, enunciation, pauses, loudness, emphasis, word choice, these can all be used while speaking to enhance the spoken word. As a type of face-to-face communication, body language and different tones play an important role, it may cause greater impact upon the listener than informational content. For an example, a simple phrase like, â€Å"You did a wonderful job† may implicate different meanings and intentions. A genuine and sincere tone may su ggest praise and commendation, but a mocking tone can be offensive and sarcastic.

Quantim Theory essays

Quantim Theory essays Quantim Mechanics is abranch of mathematical physics that deals with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles. Because it holds that energy and matter exist in tiny, discrete amounts, quantum mechanics is particularly applicable to Elamentry Pprticlesand the interactions between them. According to the older theories of classical physics, energy is treated solely as a continuous phenomenon and matter is assumed to occupy a very specific region of space and to move in a continuous manner. According to the quantum theory, energy is emitted and absorbed in a small packet, called a quantum (pl. quanta), which in some situations behaves as particles of matter do; particles exhibit certain wavelike properties when in motion and are no longer viewed as localized in a given region but as spread out to some degree. The quantum theory thus proposes a dual nature for both waves and particles, with one aspect predominating in some situations and th e other predominating in other situations. Quantum mechanics is needed to explain many properties of matter, such as the temperature dependence of the specific heat of solids, as well as when very small quantities of matter or energy are involved, as in the interaction of elementary particles and fields, but the theory of Relativity assumes importance in the special situation where very large speeds are involved. Together they form the theoretical basis of modern physics. (The results of classical physics approximate those of quantum mechanics for large scale events and those of relativity when ordinary speeds are involved.) Quantum theory was developed principally over a period of thirty years. The first contribution was the explanation of blackbody radiation in 1900 by Max Planck, who proposed that the energies of any harmonic oscillator, such as the atoms of a blackbody radiator, are restricted to certain values, each of which is an integral (whole nu ...

Study of Customer Service in the Largest Telecommunications Companies Essay

Study of Customer Service in the Largest Telecommunications Companies in the Sultanate of Oman - Essay Example The current global business atmosphere presents a very competitive atmosphere than it has ever been. Therefore, if an organization is unable to offer goods or services when clients need them then there are other multiple companies instantly ready to rise and fill the void. Organizations have only one opportunity to make their first impression; however, when business leaders fail to clinch onto this fact or remain unwilling to offer appropriate resources for meeting the needs of customers, then the organizations are prone to finding themselves struggling for business. According to James (2000), quality is customer’s general view regarding the relative strength or weakness of service; hence, customer satisfaction relies on experiences of personal service transactions and opinions regarding the general service accorded. Therefore, prior experience by a customer can significantly increase or diminish the level of customer expectation; therefore, the largest Oman telecommunication companies have an opportunity for improving their value by the way they present customer care. The research objective for the project is the evaluation of the customer service within the main telecommunications businesses in Oman. Literature Review According to Robin (2007), as a part of making sure customer services is enhanced, it is very essential for companies to see the degree to which their own goods or services gratify the customers. Berry Moller (2006) established that organizations in both service and manufacturing industries seek to be in good terms with customers with regard to customer care; therefore, the organizations introduce service innovations in order to develop value and remain competitive. Relationship value is essential, and can be gained by offering the best services such as customer care together with relationship quality among others that are able show strong impact on satisfaction (Michel & Gallan, 2008). According to Koumar (2008), measure of sales, the nu mber of people in relation to them taking into account other services such as technical ability, knowledge, as well as pricing requirements may establish strength of relations with customers. According to Brose (2008), the pace of response, the rates of customer contact as well as the scale of cooperation among others are considered as one of the most necessary services a client can anticipate for from a vendor. Paul (2008) stated that people who possess positive experiences in corporations’ customer service department are likely to inform two or three other people regarding the experience, as Consumer Affairs website successfully established; therefore, superior quality customer service serves as a source of endorsement for organizations. According to Rogers (2003), 82% of customers move from one company to another because of customer service issue; therefore, if this is anything to go by, then offering superior quality customer service ought to be taken seriously by all bus inesses including the largest telecommunication companies in Oman. An exemplary customer service acts as an essential value-added service to businesses in an attempt of offering customers of any organization an

The History and Meaning of the ninth Amendment of U.S Constitution Term Paper

The History and Meaning of the ninth Amendment of U.S Constitution - Term Paper Example However, the history and a careful interpretation makes it clear that it was designed as a reminder to the government that it is not permitted to reduce the meaning of the people’s natural rights (Barnett 9). The Ninth Amendment was a result of a disagreement between the Federalists and the Anti-federalist on the importance of including the Bill of rights in the constitution. The Federalist opposed the inclusion of the bill of rights because they believed that enumeration of rights was dangerous and unnecessary. They argued that the constitution delegated limited powers to the Federal government. The powers that were not delegated to the Federal government were reserved for the people. The Constitution, according to the federalist, does not give the government the power to violate individual liberties. The Federalists were scared that inclusion of a Bill of Rights, which protects certain rights, would imply that the government had the power to regulate such rights (Ostler 65). Their argument, for example, follows that the protection of the freedom of the press is unnecessary if the Federal government does not have the power to regulate the press. Another concern by the Federalists was th at enumeration of rights might leave the implication that those rights which are not enumerated are surrendered to the government. In their view, an enumeration of rights would not be exhaustive and this would affect the rights that are not listed (Towe 2). The Anti-Federalist, on the other hand, supported the inclusion of the bill of rights to the constitution. Their argument was that the constitution conferred excessive power to the Federal government and the Bill of rights would act as a check on the excess power. The Anti-Federalists countered the concerns of the Federalists with three arguments. Their first argument was that some rights were guaranteed in the constitution even without the bill of rights. The